A Plan of Proton Irradiation Facility at J-PARC and possibilities of application to nuclear data research

Maekawa, Fujio

JAEA-Conf 2022-001, p.7 - 13, 2022/11

https://doi.org/10.11484/jaea-conf-2022-001

The partitioning and transmutation (P-T) technology has promising potential for volume reduction and mitigation of degree of harmfulness of high-level radioactive waste. JAEA is developing the P-T technology combined with accelerator driven systems (ADS). One of critical issues affecting the feasibility of ADS is the proton beam window (PBW) which functions as a boundary between the accelerator and the sub-critical reactor core. The PBW is damaged by a high-intensity proton beam and spallation neutrons produced in the target, and also by flowing high-temperature liquid lead bismuth eutectic alloy which is corrosive to steel materials. To study the materials damage under the ADS environment, J-PARC is proposing a plan of proton irradiation facility which equips with a liquid lead-bismuth spallation target bombarded by a 400 MeV - 250 kW proton beam. The facility is also open for versatile purposes such as soft error testing of semi-conductor devises, RI production, materials irradiation for fission and fusion reactors, and so on. Application to nuclear data research with using the proton beam and spallation neutrons is also one of such versatile purposes, and we welcome unique ideas from the nuclear data community.

Design and actual performance of J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron for high-intensity operation

Yamamoto, Kazami; Kinsho, Michikazu; Hayashi, Naoki; Saha, P. K.; Tamura, Fumihiko; Yamamoto, Masanobu; Tani, Norio; Takayanagi, Tomohiro; Kamiya, Junichiro; Shobuda, Yoshihiro; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(9), p.1174 - 1205, 2022/09

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2022.2038301

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, the purpose of the 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) is to accelerate a 1 MW, high-intensity proton beam. To achieve beam operation at a repetition rate of 25 Hz at high intensities, the RCS was elaborately designed. After starting the RCS operation, we carefully verified the validity of its design and made certain improvements to establish a reliable operation at higher power as possible. Consequently, we demonstrated beam operation at a high power, namely, 1 MW. We then summarized the design, actual performance, and improvements of the RCS to achieve a 1 MW beam.

Design of the MEBT for the JAEA-ADS Project

Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro; Tamura, Jun

Proceedings of 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 21) (Internet), p.790 - 792, 2021/08

https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB246

The Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) will transport a CW proton beam with a current of 20 mA and energy of 2.5 MeV from the exit of the normal conducting Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) to the superconducting Half-Wave resonator (HWR) section. The MEBT must provide a good matching between the RFQ and HWR, effective control of the emittance growth and the halo formation, enough space for all the beam diagnostics devices, among others. This work reports the first lattice design and the beam dynamics studies for the MEBT of the JAEA-ADS.

Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 1; Pulsed spallation neutron source

Takada, Hiroshi; Haga, Katsuhiro; Teshigawara, Makoto; Aso, Tomokazu; Meigo, Shinichiro; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Naoe, Takashi; Wakui, Takashi; Oi, Motoki; Harada, Masahide; et al.

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 1(2), p.8_1 - 8_26, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs1020008

At the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), a pulsed spallation neutron source provides neutrons with high intensity and narrow pulse width to promote researches on a variety of science in the Materials and life science experimental facility. It was designed to be driven by the proton beam with an energy of 3 GeV, a power of 1 MW at a repetition rate of 25 Hz, that is world's highest power level. A mercury target and three types of liquid para-hydrogen moderators are core components of the spallation neutron source. It is still on the way towards the goal to accomplish the operation with a 1 MW proton beam. In this paper, distinctive features of the target-moderator-reflector system of the pulsed spallation neutron source are reviewed.

Technical design report on J-PARC Transmutation Experimental Facility; ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T)

Nuclear Transmutation Division, J-PARC Center

JAEA-Technology 2017-003, 539 Pages, 2017/03

JAEA-Technology-2017-003.pdf:59.1MB

JAEA is pursuing R&D on volume reduction and mitigation of degree of harmfulness of high-level radioactive waste based on the "Strategic Energy Plan" issued in April 2014. Construction of Transmutation Experimental Facility is under planning as one of the second phase facilities in the J-PARC program to promote R&D on the transmutation technology with using accelerator driven systems (ADS). The TEF consists of two facilities: ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T) and Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P). Development of spallation target technology and study on target materials are to be conducted in TEF-T with impinging a high intensity proton beam on a lead-bismuth eutectic target. Whereas in TEF-P, by introducing a proton beam to minor actinide loaded subcritical cores, physical properties of the cores are to be studied, and operation experiences are to be acquired. This report summarizes results of technical design for construction of one of two TEF facilities, TEF-T.

Simulation of beam behavior caused by odd harmonics of beam loading in J-PARC RCS

Yamamoto, Masanobu; Nomura, Masahiro; Shimada, Taihei; Tamura, Fumihiko; Hara, Keigo*; Hasegawa, Katsushi*; Omori, Chihiro*; Toda, Makoto*; Yoshii, Masahito*

Proceedings of 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC '16) (Internet), p.3443 - 3445, 2016/06

https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMR025

The J-PARC RCS accelerates 2 bunches at the harmonic number 2. The major Fourier component of the beam current is even harmonics. However, the odd harmonics grow under some conditions even though they are very small amplitude at the beginning. Particle tracking simulation suggests that the displacement and the deformation of the bunch are caused by the odd harmonics, it is synchronized with the potential distortion, and it results in the beam instability. We describe the particle tracking simulation results for the odd harmonic beam loading effect in the RCS.

Development of embedded Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide structures in polydimethylsiloxane thin films by proton beam writing

Kada, Wataru*; Miura, Kenta*; Kato, Hijiri*; Saruya, Ryota*; Kubota, Atsushi*; Sato, Takahiro; Koka, Masashi; Ishii, Yasuyuki; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Nishikawa, Hiroyuki*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 348, p.218 - 222, 2015/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.12.041

Positive and negative ion sources for magnetic fusion

Hemsworth, R. S.*; Inoue, Takashi

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 33(6), p.1799 - 1813, 2005/12

https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2005.860090

The positive or negative ion sources which form the primary components of neutral beam injection systems used in magnetic fusion have to meet simultaneously several demanding requirements. This paper describes the underlying physics of modern positive ion sources, which provide the required high proton fraction (90%) and high current density (2 kA/m) at a low source pressure (0.4 Pa) with a high electrical efficiency and uniformity across the accelerator grids. The development of negative ion sources, which are required if high energy neutral beams are to be produced, is explained. The paper reports that negative ion sources have achieved many of the parameters required of sources for the neutral beam injectors of future fusion devices and reactors, 200 A/m of D at low pressure, 0.3 Pa, with low co-extracted electron content. The development needed to meet all the requiremens of future systems is briefly discussed.

Design study around beam window of ADS

Oigawa, Hiroyuki; Tsujimoto, Kazufumi; Kikuchi, Kenji; Kurata, Yuji; Sasa, Toshinobu; Umeno, Makoto*; Nishihara, Kenji; Saito, Shigeru; Mizumoto, Motoharu; Takano, Hideki*; et al.

Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on the Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators, p.325 - 334, 2005/11

The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) is conducting the research and development (R&D) on the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System (ADS) for the effective transmutation of minor actinides (MAs). The ADS proposed by JAERI is the 800 MWth, Pb-Bi cooled, tank-type subcritical reactor loaded with (MA+Pu) nitride fuel. The Pb-Bi is also used as the spallation target. In this study, the feasibility of the ADS was discussed with putting the focus on the design around the beam window. The partition wall was placed between the target region and the ductless-type fuel assemblies to keep the good cooling performance for the hot-spot fuel pin. The flow control nozzle was installed to cool the beam window effectively. The thermal-hydraulic analysis showed that the maximum temperature at the outer surface of the beam window could be repressed below 500 C even in the case of the maximum beam power of 30 MW. The stress caused by the external pressure and the temperature distribution of the beam window was also below the allowable limit.

Improved cavitation resistance of structural materials in pulsed liquid metal targets by surface hardening

Koppitz, T.*; Jung, P.*; Mller, G.*; Weisenburger, A.*; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Ikeda, Yujiro

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 343(1-3), p.92 - 100, 2005/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.034

Cavitation damage of structural materials due to pressure waves is expected to be one of the majior life-time limiting factors in high power liquid metal spallation targets under pulsed operation. Two methods are developed for the European Spallation Source (ESS) to mitigate this damage: Introduction of gas bubbles to surpress the pressure pulse and surface-hardening of structural materials. Surface-hardening of four 8-13%Cr martenstic steels was examined by thermal treatment with pulsed or scanned electron- and laser-beams as well as by nitriding in plasma. A specimens of the 12%Cr steel were tested in liquid mercury under pulsed proton irradiation, and under mechanical pulsed-loading. Surface damage was analysed by optical, confocal-laser, or scanning-electron microscopy, showing in both tests much better resistance of the hardened material compared to standard condition.